Cell survival is the biological capacity of a cell to maintain its viability, functional integrity, and proliferative potential in the face of environmental stressors, internal damage, or developmental cues that might otherwise trigger cell death. As a fundamental concept and research field, it investigates the intricate molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways, and cellular processes that enable cells to resist or repair damage, adapt to adverse conditions, and evade programmed or accidental demise. Research into cell survival is critical for understanding development, tissue homeostasis, disease pathophysiology (such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and autoimmune disorders), and informing the design of therapeutic interventions targeting cell fate.